The purpose of this Note is to disseminate good practices on measuring and managing for results in fragile and conflict-affected states and situations (FCAS). It provides guidance for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) at both the country programme and project levels. The intended audience is country office managers and advisers at DFID and other donor agencies. This note is intended to be useful for DFID country offices in their Operational Planning following the Bilateral Aid Review, in the context of the Spending Review commitment to spend 30% of ODA in fragile states. It is also intended to inform the development of new business cases. This Note deals with those aspects of results management that are specific to FCAS (which make up most of DFID?s country programmes), and supplements general DFID guidance on the subject (for example, logframe guidance).