This analysis identifies the impediments to Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) future development. They include weak governance; poor law and order; a failing health system; a mediocre national education system; continuing reliance on extractive industries; the unrealized potential of subsistence agriculture; and a growing population. Given these problems, the text's author concludes that the next generation of PNG leaders need to "take a new approach" towards their country’s problems, including working more closely with Australia.