The objective of this study is to analyse and present a diagnosis of the situation and priority investment needs in the Malian Gourma area. This analysis aims to (i) better understand the dynamics and socio-political issues taking into account the national and cross-border context, (ii) propose an intervention logic for France / AFD, adapted to the context and sequenced over time, and (iii) identify investment paths that could be undertaken in the short and medium term.