This study explores how and to what extent collective approaches to communication and community engagement (CCE)1 have – or have not – been implemented in Yemen, and the degree to which they have been effective in ensuring that the humanitarian operations are peoplecentred and responsive to the needs of affected communities. It examines these issues from the perspectives of international humanitarian actors – multilaterals, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), donor governments – and local non-governmental organisation (NGOs), local humanitarian actors and Yemenis.