Seven months on from the declaration of the first famine of the 21st century, this report considers some of the lessons to be learned and sets out the urgent action that the international community needs to take to prioritise saving lives and rebuilding livelihoods in Somalia. It has been jointly prepared by four international organisations closely involved in delivering or coordinating humanitarian aid in Somalia: Islamic Relief, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), The Humanitarian Forum and the Turkish Red Crescent Society. The report’s recommendations set out how the international community can address shortcomings in the delivery of humanitarian aid and help achieve the kind of political progress that is required to achieve long-term peace and prosperity. A renewal of political will and a redoubling of diplomatic effort are needed to seriously tackle what we see as the four key contributory factors in this crisis: • drought • conflict • inadequacies and inflexibility in aid funding • severely restricted humanitarian access.