On 16 September 2014, the northern Syrian town of Kobane came under siege. Since then, 188,000 refugees are reported to have flooded into Turkey. This is an emergency which, like so much of the Syria crisis, revolves around issues of protection and gender. On Thursday 25 September, within the first week of the influx of refugees, CARE International led a multi-agency gender and protection assessment with partners, including IMC. This report also includes subsequent recommendations: (1) to help support the work of multiple agencies in strengthening their response, and providing services in ways which respect the different needs of women, men, boys and girls; (2) to provide agencies with enough information to avoid doing harm; (3) to ensure that actors are able to mitigate risk of SGBV and other protection concerns immediately.