To offer some explanation for this question, CaLP, UNICEF and the European Commission came together to organise, with the financial support of OFDA, the first regional learning event on the subject. Bringing together around 50 actors from various backgrounds (humanitarian, state and private sector actors) who are involved in cash transfer programmes and policies, the workshop aimed to get a cross- perspective on the issues and make a joint analysis. Making such an analysis should help to lay the foundations for the subsequent development of a regional research and action programme looking into the relationships between social protection systems and humanitarian response in the Sahel. This discussion paper has been inspired by the exchanges that took place during the course of the learning event. It seeks to extend the discussion to include other actors working within the region, as well as in other regions confronted with the same questions. It proposes an initial approach to the issue, presents some of the conclusions of the workshop and suggests several courses of action. Above all, its aim is to provoke reactions and encourage reflection. The problem is vast and this first initiative aims to set in motion a lengthier process of dialogue and discussion between humanitarian actors, state actors and other institutions involved in this issue.