This review aimed to get a better understanding of the extent and effectiveness of non-food item (NFI) distributions in Oxfam programmes, in order to develop recommendations for programme policy and guidance to maximize the impact of NFI distributions or alternatives in future responses. Documentation relating to 15 recent WASH responses was examined and key informant interviews were conducted with some of the key Oxfam staff involved in these responses. People affected by crises often require a wide range of NFI. Access to these items is usually facilitated by different response sectors, particularly Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH), Food Security and Shelter. More recently, Gender and Protection actors have also started providing NFI in the shape of dignity and safety kits.