This evaluation is the third major evaluation of DG ECHO since its foundation. The first evaluation covered humanitarian aid from 1991 to 1996, the second the period 1996 to 1998/99 and this evaluation covers the period 2000 to 2005. This evaluation has reviewed: the follow-up given to the previous evaluation; the application of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee criteria of relevance efficiency effectiveness, impact, sustainability and connectedness; the application of the Maastricht Treaty’s criteria of coherence, complementarity and coordination (also called the 3Cs issue); and the actual position of DG ECHO at a time when it is facing a number of strategic and operational challenges.