The purpose of this evaluation is both learning and accountability. The evaluation focuses only on the Syrian caseload in Turkey during the period of 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2015. The evaluation does not consider UNHCR's assistance and protection of the approximately 250,000 non-Syrian refugees in Turkey, nor the European movement, nor the cross-border activities into Syria under the Syrian Humanitarian Assistance Response Plan. Historical elements and perspectives prior to the Syrian emergency serve as a baseline to underline progress and difficulties encountered.