This study explores the dynamics of, and motivations for, violent conflict in the region, with a particular focus on unpacking the influence of religious actors, beliefs, and identities. The report combines an analysis of violent events data from North West and North Central Nigeria with field research conducted in Kaduna and Kano states. Its findings underscore the complex, multifaceted nature of violence in the region and challenge emerging narratives regarding the role of religious motivations and the centrality of religious persecution. They also have important implications for government and donor-led efforts to prevent conflict and forge peace in Nigeria.