This study builds an evidence base on the socio-economic and political causes and impacts of current water supply to both Lebanese citizens and ITS Syrian refugees, taking nine villages in North Bekaa as a case study area. The research is employed to unpack the obstacles to providing more sustainable solutions, namely extending piped public water to ITSs, focusing on the financial, social and legal feasibility requirements. In light of the study findings, a multi-level governance approach is recommended to address water supply to all concerned communities. With this, a Win-Win can be achieved. Humanitarian agencies would fulfil their commitment to providing proportional assistance to vulnerable Lebanese communities along with Syrian refugees, while supporting Lebanese governmental institutions, namely municipalities and RWEs, both of which are the integral to the country’s refugee response plan, the joint United Nations Government of Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP).
