This guidance supplements the Technical Note on Enhancing Stakeholder Participation, and provides practical hints on how to do stakeholder analysis, and how such analysis can be used. The Technical Note on Participation explains why participatory approaches are important for a sustainable and effective aid programme. It describes how to identify key stakeholders through stakeholder analysis and lists key issues for partnership with these other stakeholders. A series of steps are provided for negotiating participation of other stakeholders in ODA-funded activities and the extent to which participation is feasible, sensible and cost-effective is explored in relation to the type of aid and sector. The TN recommends an initial stakeholder analysis at an early stage to be incorporated in the Project Concept Note, and then further refined for the Project Submission, with revisions during annual reviews.