Within and Without the State (WWS) is a DFID-funded global programme running from 2011-14, piloting approaches to working with civil society to promote more accountable governance in fragile contexts. WWS is now working in four focus countries, South Sudan, Yemen, OPTI, and Afghanistan, using the approach of a ‘social contract’ between citizens and the state – and promoting platforms for engagement between them. WWS also has a strong emphasis on capturing and disseminating learning from the programme and over the last eighteen months has developed a Community of Practice and range of case-studies and activities to share its experience and learning.