On 24 February 2022, the Russian Government announced a large-scale military operation against Ukraine (BBC 24/02/2022). As at 8 March 2022, the Ukrainian Government had reported attacks in ten regions. The Russian army controlled zones in four regions in the north (Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Kyiv, and Sumy), three in the east (Donetsk, Luhansk, and Zaporizhia), and two in the south (Kherson and Mykolaiv) (NYT accessed 13/03/2022; NYT 09/03/2022). As at 12 March 2022, the OHCHR recorded 1,581 civilian casualties, with 579 people killed and 1,002 injured (OCHA 12/03/2022). Although the Russian advance on Ukraine has been slower than expected, according to the Ukrainian Government (AP News 09/03/2022), more than 2,698,280 civilians had left Ukraine as at 13 March 2022.