This Focus on Operationality Briefing Paper summarizes a country study on Iraq conducted by the Humanitarian Agenda: 2015 project of the Feinstein International Center, Tufts University between October 2006 and May 2007. The study sampled perceptions of humanitarian action among Iraqis at the community level, and among humanitarian actors in the region. It focused on what Iraqis and aid workers believe to be true about the way the humanitarian apparatus has functioned or malfunctioned in Iraq, and why.