This Background Note builds on recent research by ODI into the dynamics of decision-making in devel- opment agencies (Jones and Mendizabal, 2010; Mendizabal et al., 2010; Pellini and Jones, 2011). Drawing on over 100 semi-structured interviews, in-depth docu- ment reviews and surveys completed by over 500 staff, we recommend clear, practical measures to improve the use of research and evaluation for decision-making.