Preface In its analysis of the Kosovo crisis in 2001, ALNAP’s first ever Review of Humanitarian Action, showed that humanitarian agencies did not give enough attention to people’s protection. Many agencies focused on the provision of material assistance, leaving protection to mandated agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC. The Review concluded that the humanitarian community was at last waking up to the fact that all humanitarian agencies have a role to play in people’s protection in war and disaster. Agencies realised that they have an obligation to work with communities, mandated agencies and responsible authorities to ensure people’s safety as well as providing assistance to those in need.