In the aftermath of the refugee emergency in the Great Lakes region of Africa, UNHCR launched major rehabilitation activities in the refugee-impacted areas of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania. In order to examine the initial results, as well as document the experience and lessons learned from these efforts, the Inspection and Evaluation Service was equested to review rehabilitation activities in the region. In carrying out the study, key documents were reviewed and in-depth discussions were held with those associated with activities in the region. Roy Herrmann, a UNHCR staff member seconded to IES carried out the basic research and field visits. During the visits, extensive discussions were held with the staff of UNHCR and other United Nations agencies, officials from the host and donor governments and the personnel of non-governmental agencies. Additional input to the final report was carried out by staff currently serving in the field, and final editing was provided by George Gordon-Lennox, a former UNHCR staff member. Information covering essentially all activities was collected and analysed during the review, but in the interest of brevity, only the information required to facilitate an analysis of major issues and support conclusions is provided.