In an effort to bring together stakeholders from across the spectrum of HADR, this Roundtable is organised through the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Programme at the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies and the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) in collaboration with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The first part of the Roundtable focuses on two core HADR issues: the protection of and assistance to vulnerable communities in natural disaster and conflict settings. It attempts to map the emerging challenges for HADR actors and assess the effectiveness of HADR in recent years. The second part of the Roundtable focuses on a specific HADR challenge: gender-based and sexual violence in natural disaster and conflict settings, with particular focus on identifying the protection needs of victims of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and best practices in assisting victims and managing cases of SGBV.