This report is based on what MSF teams have witnessed in the northeast of Aleppo governorate and in the north of Raqqa governorate, with medical data collected in MSF- supported health facilities or shared by other hospitals in the area. Interviews were conducted between October 2016 and February 2017 with patients, medical staff and other people from these areas whose lives have been a ected by explosive devices as well as local authorities and international organisations working on mine clearance. The geographical coverage of the research was limited to areas in the two governorates that were accessible to MSF teams and does not claim to be exhaustive.