? This study estimates that the global economic impacts and costs resulting from the consequences of physical, psychological and sexual violence against children can be as high as $7 trillion. This massive cost is higher than the investment required to prevent much of that violence. ? The annual global costs of the worst forms of child labour are approximately $97 billion, and those resulting from children’s association with armed forces or groups can be up to $144 million annually. ? The evidence clearly shows that ‘prevention pays’, but current levels of government spending on preventive and responsive actions in relation to violence against children remain very low. Research and advocacy efforts need to continue, with a focus on promoting good practices for prevention. Funding for this should be scaled up. ? More specific data and in-depth primary research needs to be generated on the different forms of violence against children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Calculating and reporting the economic costs will lead to stronger arguments for policy-making.