The Long Road home Opportunities and Obstacles to the Reintegration of IDPs and Refugees Returning to Southern Sudan and the Three Areas

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Profound changes are taking place in Southern

Sudan as a result of the Comprehensive Peace

Agreement (CPA). The CPA has made possible

substantial improvements in freedom of

movement, trade and oil revenue, dramatically

reduced conflict and laid the foundations of a

system of governance to administer the south’s

own affairs (although reform in the three areas

has been slow and unsatisfactory). Demographics

and social relations are radically

changing from wartime patterns. But ‘peace’

has also given rise to uncertainties about the

future. Opportunities for citizens to be

economically independent have been slow to

develop, and large numbers have not yet

benefited from economic growth. Insecurity

and threats to safety persist. Overall, the extent

of what needs to be done to stabilise the postwar

environment and build a foundation for

long-term peace is only beginning to be

appreciated, and many opportunities to

positively influence the agreement in its first

years have already been lost.

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