The key research objectives of this study are: ? to explore the views, experiences and perceptions of cash transfer programme beneficiaries and other community members (non-beneficiaries) in order to ensure that they are better reflected in policy and programming ? to gather perceptions and experiences from programme implementers ? to provide examples of best practice on how to involve beneficiaries and communities in participatory monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of cash transfer programmes ? to build the capacity of national researchers in qualitative and participatory data collection and analysis.