Toilet types can be broadly split into two categories; on-site and off-site systems. Off-site systems are associated more with the developed world, cities and high density areas and often take on the form of sewerage systems which require a reliable water supply and the provision of wastewater treatment. Alternative on-site systems are isolated and provide some level of treatment or containment at the toilet location and avoid the need for further treatment. However, a number of on-site systems need regular emptying. This technical brief outlines different types of toilets, whilst highlighting some advantages and disadvantages which will facilitate their planning and selection.
