Background Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) are a common social protection intervention that increases income, a key social determinant ofhealth, in disaster contexts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives To assess the ef fects of UCTs in improving he alth services use, health outcomes, social determinants of health, health care expenditure,and local markets and infrastructure in LMICs. We also compared the relative effectiveness of UCTs delivered in-hand with in-kindtransfers, conditional cash transfers, and UCTs paid through other mechanisms. Search methods We searched 17 academic databases, including the Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Database ofSystematic Reviews (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 7), MEDLINE, and EMBASE between May and July 2014 for any recordspublished up until 4 May 2014. We also searched grey literature databases, organisational websites, reference lists of included records,and academic journals, as well as seeking expert advice. Selection criteria We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as well as cohort, interrupted time series, and controlledbefore-and-after studies (CBAs) on UCTs in LMICs. Primary outcomes were the use of h ealth ser vices and h ealth outcomes. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently screened all potentially relevant records for inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the includedstudies’ risk of bias. We requested missing information from the study authors.