This report examines how local governments, agricultural advisory services, natural resource management agencies and farmers’ organizations are responding to climate change in rural Nepal, Uganda, Vietnam and Zambia. The text’s authors particularly focus on four key aspects of climate change adaptation – 1) adjusting the global climate change agenda to fit national and sub-national processes; 2) the frequent disconnects that exist between national climate change policies and sub-national practices; 3) how climate change might be transforming the bases for social contracts and state legitimacy; and 4) how climate change is emerging as an arena for struggles over authority and resources.