BOND has commissioned this paper to focus on the barriers that seem to limit this quality of learning within Northern NGOs, drawing on observations and reflections from current practice. These barriers are worthy of attention, as their existence may explain some of the ‘stuckness’ around organisational learning. A deeper appreciation of these barriers and defences and some initial pointers for how to work with them, may free up energy for the 'radically different approach' that is called for. Rather than trying to offer a comprehensive view of organisational learning, or models, tools and recommendations, this paper seeks to open-up a conversation and facilitate further inquiry.