The first section of this paper delineates a framework which proposes a set of core functions that a sovereign state must perform in the modern world. This functional delineation provides a framework for the calculation of a sovereignty index through which the sovereignty gap can be measured in a tractable fashion. Once this more quantitative framework is in place, the progress of or decline in state capabilities to perform each function severally as well as collectively can be assessed. Moreover, the index would also allow an overall assessment to be made of whether the multiplicity of interventions by a wide array of international actors is closing or widening the sovereignty gap.
The second section of the paper outlines some of the constraints that exist in the current international system. Mindful of these constraints, the paper then proposes a reorientation of the international community’s approach to fragile states through the introduction of state-building or sovereignty strategies. These would be long-term compacts entered into by a country’s leadership with the international community on one side, and its citizens on the other. This would integrate the current raft of interventions in the economic, political, security, judicial, administrative and social domains into a single strategy designed to close the sovereignty gap within each of the core state functions and in the state as a whole. The functional delineation proposed would allow strategies to be designed that are both universal as well as tailored to context by acknowledging that all states must perform a number of services to meet the needs of their populations but that the route taken to develop institutional capability will vary from country to country.
Once such a sovereignty strategy has been prepared, the interventions of the international community can be calibrated to support and monitor its implementation. The final section of the paper outlines why there are grounds for hope that the international system can indeed move forward in this direction.
The approach proposed by this paper is derived from review of a wide body of academic literature and developmental practice in the form of country strategies and structural adjustment operations, as well as direct service and advisory roles in postconflict and transition conditions. Our key focus has been on developing conceptual frameworks and practical approaches, distilled from academic and business literature and on-the-ground experience, which can be tailored to context.